Présentation et Définition du commerce équitable
· assurer une juste rémunération du travail des producteurs et artisans les plus défavorisés, leur permettant de satisfaire leurs besoins élémentaires,
· garantir le respect des droits fondamentaux des personnes,
· instaurer des relations durables entre partenaires économiques,
· favoriser la préservation de l’environnement,
· proposer aux consommateurs des produits et des services de qualité en priorité dans le cadre de circuits courts et de proximité,
Ainsi, un principe du commerce équitable est la garantie donnée aux petits producteurs de commercialiser leurs produits à des prix plus rémunérateurs que les cours mondiaux. C'est également une garantie de relative stabilité des prix et la mise en place de conditions et de délais de paiement, voire des possibilités de préfinancement, qui évitent aux paysans et aux artisans de brader leurs produits ou d'avoir recours à des prêts usuriers. Le prix équitable est négocié. Il doit pouvoir couvrir tous les coûts de production du produit, incluant les coûts environnementaux et sociaux, assurer aux producteurs un niveau de vie décent et une part d'investissement.Un prix équitable pour le producteur n'implique pas toujours un prix plus élevé pour le consommateur. A qualité égale, les produits du commerce équitable ne sont pas forcément plus chers.
Le commerce équitable recouvre trois dimensions, complémentaires et indissociables :
- une dimension socio-économique : des échanges commerciaux équitables et un développement durable, la préservation et le renouvellement des ressources naturelles,
- une dimension éducative pour d'autres modes de relations commerciales basées sur la confiance et la transparence,
- une dimension politique avec un engagement pour plus de justice dans les règles du commerce international.
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